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Blood compatibility testing is routinely performed before a blood transfusion.The full compatibility testing process involves ABO and RhD (Rh factor) typing; screening for antibodies against other blood group systems; and crossmatching, which involves testing the recipient's blood plasma against the donor's red blood cells as a final check for incompatibility.
Platelet satellitism. Platelet rosetting, or satelliting, around white blood cells can lead to undercounting by automated analyzers. [5] Clotted samples. Coagulation within the sample leads to undercounting, because the analyzer samples the liquid part of the blood, while some of the platelets remain in the tube, trapped in the clot.
These tests may establish a platelet count. Newer automated platelet pheresis machines do that as the donation begins, and adjust accordingly the quantity of platelets to be drawn. Tests may also determine the donor's compatibility with particular recipients through a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) test.
Cross-matching or crossmatching is a test performed before a blood transfusion as part of blood compatibility testing. Normally, this involves adding the recipient's blood plasma to a sample of the donor's red blood cells. If the blood is incompatible, the antibodies in the recipient's plasma will bind to antigens on the donor red blood cells.
Platelet concentration in the blood (i.e. platelet count), can be measured manually using a hemocytometer, or by placing blood in an automated platelet analyzer using particle counting, such as a Coulter counter or optical methods. [47] Most common blood testing methods include platelet count in their measurements, usually reported as PLT. [48]
Multiplate multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) is a test of platelet function in whole blood. [1] [2] The test can be used to diagnose platelet disorders, [3] [4] [5] monitor antiplatelet therapy, [6] and is also investigated as a potential predictor of transfusion requirements and bleeding risk in cardiac surgery. [7]
Platelet transfusions came into medical use in the 1950s and 1960s. [1] [5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [6] [7] Some versions of platelets have had the white blood cells partially removed or been gamma irradiated which have specific benefits for certain populations. [8]
The clot forms around a thin wire probe used for measurement. The speed and strength of clot formation is measured in various ways, typically by computer. The speed at which the sample coagulates depends on the activity of the plasma coagulation system, platelet function, fibrinolysis and other factors which can be affected by genetics, illness ...