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Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. [1] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken.
Burmese Shorthand 1952 Zwe Ohn Chein Burmese Burnz' Fonic Shorthand: 1896: Eliza Boardman Burnz: English: Carissimi Shorthand [11] 1940: Juan Antonio Carissimi: Spanish: Caton Scientific Shorthand [12] [13] Thomas Jasper Caton: Century 21 Shorthand [14] Characterie [15] 1588: Timothy Bright: English: Conen de Prépean Shorthand [16] 1813: Louis ...
Spoonerism: a switch of two sounds in two different words (cf. sananmuunnos) Same-sounding words or phrases, fully or approximately homophonous (sometimes also referred to as "oronyms") Techniques that involve the letters. Acronym: abbreviations formed by combining the initial components in a phrase or names; Anadrome: a word or phrase that ...
A typical shorthand system provides symbols or abbreviations for words and common phrases, which can allow someone well-trained in the system to write as quickly as people speak. Abbreviation methods are alphabet-based and use different abbreviating approaches.
Up to this time, Speedwords avoided synonyms. Synonyms are variants of the same English word and treated them as equivalent. There are two possibilities: One Speedword for different parts of speech. For example, hon refers to sincere, sincerely, sincerity. The same Speedword covers several different English words (e.g., kla means class, kind ...
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
The shorter brief forms (one or two letters) that follow each other in a sentence are joined together as though they were one word; this is known as phrasing. Those familiar with Gregg or Pitman Shorthand will recognize this feature: operating on the philosophy that the time taken to repeatedly lift the pen between short words is wasted, the ...
Several letters can be written in two different ways: The pairs of strokes for Ее /ɛ/, Фф /f/, and Тт /t/ can be used interchangeably. The first stroke for Зз /z/, Цц /ts/, and Уу /u/ is used only in the beginning of a word. The second stroke for Вв /v/ and Шш /ʃ/ can be used only in the end of a word.