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The speed of applying a full screen effect is independent of the complexity of the image. In 3D rendering applications such as video games, common full screen effects include color filters, depth of field, and full screen bloom. A color filter, for example, may desaturate an image or convert it to grayscale.
Bump maps achieve this effect by changing how an illuminated surface reacts to light, without modifying the size or shape of the surface. Bump mapping [ 1 ] is a texture mapping technique in computer graphics for simulating bumps and wrinkles on the surface of an object.
Bloom (sometimes referred to as light bloom or glow) is a computer graphics effect used in video games, demos, and high-dynamic-range rendering (HDRR) to reproduce an imaging artifact of real-world cameras. The effect produces fringes (or feathers) of light extending from the borders of bright areas in an image, contributing to the illusion of ...
Other rendering techniques, such as portal rendering, use the stencil buffer in other ways; for example, it can be used to find the area of the screen obscured by a portal and re-render those pixels correctly. The stencil buffer and its modifiers can be accessed in computer graphics by using APIs like OpenGL, Direct3D, Vulkan or Metal.
Another use of shaders is for special effects, even on 2D images, (e.g., a photo from a webcam). The unaltered, unshaded image is on the left, and the same image has a shader applied on the right. This shader works by replacing all light areas of the image with white, and all dark areas with a brightly colored texture.
Example of Carmack's stencil shadowing in Doom 3. Shadow volume is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to add shadows to a rendered scene. It was first proposed by Frank Crow in 1977 [1] as the geometry describing the 3D shape of the region occluded from a light source.
Google Chrome – WebGL 1.0 has been enabled on all platforms that have a capable graphics card with updated drivers since version 9, released in February 2011. [21] [22] By default on Windows, Chrome uses the ANGLE (Almost Native Graphics Layer Engine) renderer to translate OpenGL ES to Direct X 9.0c or 11.0, which have better driver support. [23]
Shader Model 4.0 is a feature of DirectX 10, which has been released with Windows Vista. Shader Model 4.0 allows 128-bit HDR rendering, as opposed to 64-bit HDR in Shader Model 3.0 (although this is theoretically possible under Shader Model 3.0). Shader Model 5.0 is a feature of DirectX 11.