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Sputnik 1 (/ ˈ s p ʌ t n ɪ k, ˈ s p ʊ t n ɪ k /, Russian: Спутник-1, Satellite 1), sometimes referred to as simply Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program .
That was the most immediate threat that Sputnik 1 posed. The United States, a land with a history of geographical security from European wars because of its distance, suddenly seemed vulnerable. A contributing factor to the Sputnik crisis was that the Soviets had not released a photograph of the satellite for five days after the launch. [7]
Oct. 4—66 years ago, on October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world into the space race after sending the first satellite, Sputnik 1, into orbit. Sputnik 1 weighed around 184 pounds and ...
The R-1 rocket (NATO reporting name SS-1 Scunner, Soviet code name SA11, was a tactical ballistic missile, the first manufactured in the Soviet Union, and closely based on the German A-4. [46] Production was authorized by Josef Stalin in April 1947 with NII-88 chief designer Sergei Korolev overseeing the R-1's development.
Fifty-eight years ago today on October 4, 1957, Sputnik was launched into orbit by the Soviet Union.
It was a race between the United States and the Soviet Union which began with the Soviet Union's October 4, 1957, launch of Earth's first artificial satellite Sputnik 1 during the International Geophysical Year. [9] Weighing 83.6 kg (184.3 lb) and orbiting the Earth once every 98 minutes.
Sputnik 1, while the first satellite ever launched, did not conduct Earth science. Explorer 1 was the first satellite to make an Earth science discovery when it found the Van Allen belts . This list is incomplete ; you can help by adding missing items .
Sputnik 1: 4 October 1957 First Earth orbiter [1] [2] Sputnik 2: 3 November 1957 Earth orbiter, first animal in orbit, a dog named Laika [2] [3] [4] Explorer 1: 1 February 1958 Earth orbiter; discovered Van Allen radiation belts [5] Vanguard 1: 17 March 1958 Earth orbiter; oldest spacecraft still in Earth orbit [6] Luna 1: 2 January 1959