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[2] [5] Remnant cholesterol is primarily chylomicron and VLDL, and each remnant particle contains about 40 times more cholesterol than LDL. [6] Remnant cholesterol corresponds to all cholesterol not found in high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). It is calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL-C and LDL-C. [7]
Very-low-density lipoprotein size is variable, with diameters ranging from approximately 35 to 70 nm. [4] Some researchers further classify VLDL particles into VLDL1 and VLDL2 based on size (as measured by Svedberg flotation units), where VLDL1 particles are larger and contain more triglycerides, while other researchers create a tripartite system by subdividing VLDL1 into larger VLDL1 and ...
[40] [41] LDL cholesterol transports cholesterol particles throughout the body, and can build up in the walls of the arteries, making them hard and narrow. [42] LDL cholesterol is produced naturally by the body, but eating a diet high in saturated fat, trans fats, and cholesterol can increase LDL levels. [ 43 ]
Nascent VLDL particles are released into the bloodstream via a process that depends upon apolipoprotein B-100. In the blood stream, nascent VLDL particles bump with HDL particles; as a result, HDL particles donate apolipoprotein C-II and apolipoprotein E to the nascent VLDL particle. Once loaded with apolipoproteins C-II and E, the nascent VLDL ...
LDL particles are approximately 22 nm (0.00000087 in.) to 27.5 nm in diameter and have a mass of about 3 million daltons. [7] Since LDL particles contain a variable and changing number of fatty acid molecules, there is a distribution of LDL particle mass and size. [4]
238055 Ensembl ENSG00000084674 ENSMUSG00000020609 UniProt P04114 E9Q414 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000384 NM_009693 RefSeq (protein) NP_000375 NP_033823 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 21 – 21.04 Mb Chr 12: 8.03 – 8.07 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOB gene. Its measurement is commonly used to detect risk of ...
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels, specifically very high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), in the blood and early cardiovascular diseases.
With a size ranging from 5 to 17 nm, HDL is the smallest of the lipoprotein particles. [2] It is the densest because it contains the highest proportion of protein to lipids . [ 2 ] Its most abundant apolipoproteins are apo A-I and apo A-II .