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As an abjad, the Urdu script only shows consonants and long vowels; short vowels can only be inferred by the consonants' relation to each other. While this type of script is convenient in Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew, whose consonant roots are the key of the sentence, Urdu is an Indo-European language, which requires more precision ...
Technically, a direct one-to-one mapping or rule-based script conversion is not possible between Pakistani and Indian Sindhi, majorly since Devanagari is an abugida script and Arabic-Sindhi is an abjad script, and also other constraints like multiple similar characters from Perso-Arabic which map onto a single character in Devanagari. [6]
Technically, a direct one-to-one script mapping or rule-based lossless transliteration of Hindi-Urdu is not possible, majorly since Hindi is written in an abugida script and Urdu is written in an abjad script, and also because of other constraints like multiple similar characters from Perso-Arabic mapping onto a single character in Devanagari. [7]
Baṛī ye (Urdu: بَڑی يے, Urdu pronunciation: [ˈbəɽiː ˈjeː]; lit. ' greater ye ') is a letter in the Urdu alphabet (and other Indo-Iranian language alphabets based on it) directly based on the alternative "returned" variant of the final form of the Arabic letter ye/yāʾ (known as yāʾ mardūda) found in the Hijazi, Kufic, Thuluth, Naskh, and Nastaliq scripts. [1]
The first abjad to gain widespread usage was the Phoenician abjad. Unlike other contemporary scripts, such as cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs, the Phoenician script consisted of only a few dozen symbols. This made the script easy to learn, and seafaring Phoenician merchants took the script throughout the then-known world.
Hindustani (standardized Hindi and standardized Urdu) has been written in several different scripts. Most Hindi texts are written in the Devanagari script, which is derived from the Brāhmī script of Ancient India. Most Urdu texts are written in the Urdu alphabet, which comes from the Persian alphabet. Hindustani has been written in both scripts.
The Devanāgarī script, composed of 48 primary characters, including 14 vowels and 34 consonants, [11] is the fourth most widely adopted writing system in the world, [12] [13] being used for over 120 languages. [14] The orthography of this script reflects the pronunciation of the language. [14]
Shahmukhi script is a modified version of the Arabic script's Persian alphabet. It is identical to the Urdu alphabet , but contains additional letters representing the Punjabi phonology . For writing Saraiki , an extended Shahmukhi is used that includes 4 additional letters for the implosive consonants ( ٻ, ڄ, ݙ, ڳ ).