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  2. Function composition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_composition

    If an airplane's altitude at time t is a(t), and the air pressure at altitude x is p(x), then (p ∘ a)(t) is the pressure around the plane at time t. Function defined on finite sets which change the order of their elements such as permutations can be composed on the same set, this being composition of permutations.

  3. Composition ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_ring

    Composition may be defined by = for all f,g. This is the composition rule for constant functions. If R is a boolean ring, then multiplication may double as composition: = for all f,g. More interesting examples can be formed by defining a composition on another ring constructed from R.

  4. Principle of compositionality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_compositionality

    The task of finding the rules of composition, then becomes a matter of describing what the connection between S and M is. Among the most prominent linguistic problems that challenge the principle of compositionality are the issues of contextuality , the non compositionality of idiomatic expressions , and the non compositionality of quotations .

  5. Law of definite proportions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_definite_proportions

    The law of definite proportion was given by Joseph Proust in 1797. [2]I shall conclude by deducing from these experiments the principle I have established at the commencement of this memoir, viz. that iron like many other metals is subject to the law of nature which presides at every true combination, that is to say, that it unites with two constant proportions of oxygen.

  6. Composition (combinatorics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_(combinatorics)

    In mathematics, a composition of an integer n is a way of writing n as the sum of a sequence of (strictly) positive integers. Two sequences that differ in the order of their terms define different compositions of their sum, while they are considered to define the same integer partition of that number. Every integer has finitely many distinct ...

  7. Hurwitz's theorem (composition algebras) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurwitz's_theorem...

    In mathematics, Hurwitz's theorem is a theorem of Adolf Hurwitz (1859–1919), published posthumously in 1923, solving the Hurwitz problem for finite-dimensional unital real non-associative algebras endowed with a nondegenerate positive-definite quadratic form.

  8. Relation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_(mathematics)

    For example, "is a blood relative of" is a symmetric relation, because x is a blood relative of y if and only if y is a blood relative of x. Antisymmetric for all x, y ∈ X, if xRy and yRx then x = y. For example, ≥ is an antisymmetric relation; so is >, but vacuously (the condition in the definition is always false). [11] Asymmetric

  9. Composition algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_algebra

    The possible dimensions of a composition algebra are 1, 2, 4, and 8. [2] [3] [4] 1-dimensional composition algebras only exist when char(K) ≠ 2. Composition algebras of dimension 1 and 2 are commutative and associative. Composition algebras of dimension 2 are either quadratic field extensions of K or isomorphic to K ⊕ K.