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In progestogen induced hypersomatotropism the prognosis is usually good after cessation of progestogen administration. In dogs soft tissue changes are usually resolved in a few weeks or months, persistent bone changes usually do not cause clinical problems. For diabetes mellitus the prognosis for the condition depends on the beta cell damage. [1]
An abundance of cilia and centrioles has also been found in these Type 2 cells of the pineal gland. [7] Unique to the Type 2 is the presence of vacuoles containing 2 layers of membrane. [ 7 ] As Type 1 cells contain serotonin , Type 2 cells contain melatonin and are thought to have similar characteristics as endocrine and neuronal cells.
Corpora arenacea (singular: corpus arenaceum, [1] also called brain sand or acervuli [2] [3] or psammoma bodies [4] or pineal concretions [4]) are calcified structures in the pineal gland and other areas of the brain such as the choroid plexus. Older organisms have numerous corpora arenacea, whose function, if any, is unknown.
The pineal gland (also known as the pineal body [1] or epiphysis cerebri) is a small endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates. It produces melatonin , a serotonin -derived hormone , which modulates sleep patterns following the diurnal cycles . [ 2 ]
In response to light exposure, alertness levels can increase as a result of suppression of melatonin secretion. [3] [6] A linear relationship has been found between alerting effects of light and activation in the posterior hypothalamus. [3] [24] Disruption of circadian rhythm as a result of light also produces changes in metabolism. [4]
The pineal gland starts to develop during the second month of gestation. In the average adult, the dimensions are as follow: 5-9mm in length, 1-5mm in width and 3-5mm in thickness. Its average weight is 100–180 mg. [40] The pineal gland consists of a central core made up of small lobes and a cortex that possesses a diffuse distribution of ...
MCH is a cyclic 19-amino acid neuropeptide, as it is a polypeptide chain that is able to act as a neurotransmitter.MCH neurons are mainly concentrated in the lateral hypothalamic area, zona incerta, and the incerto-hypothalamic area, but they are also located, in much smaller amounts, in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), medial preoptic area, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus ...
Short-term over-exposure can cause snow blindness, which is analogous to sunburn of the cornea, or can cause solar retinopathy, which is long-lasting retinal damage and vision impairment from sungazing. [54] [55] Frequent exposure to the sun can cause yellow non-cancerous bumps on the middle part of the sclera of the eye, called pingueculae. It ...