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Genentech, Inc. is an American biotechnology corporation headquartered in South San Francisco, California, wholly owned by the Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company, the Roche Group. It became an independent subsidiary of Roche in 2009. Genentech Research and Early Development operates as an independent center within Roche. [6]
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Genetically modified plants have been engineered for scientific research, to create new colours in plants, deliver vaccines, and to create enhanced crops. Plant genomes can be engineered by physical methods or by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors .
Flavr Savr (also known as CGN-89564-2; pronounced "flavor saver"), a genetically modified tomato, was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption. It was developed by the Californian company Calgene in the 1980s. [1]
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination". [1]
Plus: How the pandemic has changed the biotech industry in a way that could affect research on other diseases.
Gene guns (also known as biolistics) "shoot" (direct high energy particles or radiations against [57]) target genes into plant cells. It is the most common method. It is the most common method. DNA is bound to tiny particles of gold or tungsten which are subsequently shot into plant tissue or single plant cells under high pressure.
A plant peptide hormone, systemin, was first identified in tomato plants and genetic modification has been used to demonstrate its function, by adding antisense genes to silence the native gene or by adding extra copies of the native gene. [46] [47]