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Linux also calls the threads of this process idle tasks. [2] In some APIs, PID 0 is also used as a special value that always refers to the calling thread, process, or process group. [3] [4] Process ID 1 is usually the init process primarily responsible for starting and shutting down the system. Originally, process ID 1 was not specifically ...
This is a list of POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2024, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems.
nice is a program found on Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux. It directly maps to a kernel call of the same name. nice is used to invoke a utility or shell script with a particular CPU priority, thus giving the process more or less CPU time than other processes. A niceness of -20 is the lowest niceness, or highest priority.
The first Unix shell was the Thompson shell, sh, written by Ken Thompson at Bell Labs and distributed with Versions 1 through 6 of Unix, from 1971 to 1975. [3] Though rudimentary by modern standards, it introduced many of the basic features common to all later Unix shells, including piping, simple control structures using if and goto , and ...
By using exec, the resources used by the shell program do not need to stay in use after the program is started. [2] The exec command can also perform a redirection. In some shells it is even possible to use the exec command for redirection only, without making an actual overlay.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 February 2025. Family of Unix-like operating systems This article is about the family of operating systems. For the kernel, see Linux kernel. For other uses, see Linux (disambiguation). Operating system Linux Tux the penguin, the mascot of Linux Developer Community contributors, Linus Torvalds Written ...
PID: Process ID, a unique number identifying each running process. USER: The user who started the process. If the username is too long, it is cut-off with a + at the end. PR: Real-time priority of the task, computed by the system scheduler.
The Linux API is composed out of the system call interface of the Linux kernel, the GNU C Library (by GNU), libcgroup, [1] libdrm, libalsa and libevdev [2] (by freedesktop.org). Linux API vs. POSIX API. The Linux API includes the kernel–user space API, which allows code in user space to access system resources and services of the Linux kernel ...