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Acitretin is a metabolite of etretinate, which was used prior to the introduction of acitretin. Etretinate was discontinued because it had a narrow therapeutic index as well as a long elimination half-life (t 1/2 = 120 days), making dosing difficult. In contrast, acitretin's half-life is approximately 2 days.
Etretinate has been replaced by acitretin, the free acid (without the ethyl ester). While acitretin is less lipophilic and has a half-life of only 50 hours, it is partly metabolized to etretinate in the body, [2] so that it is still a long-acting teratogen and pregnancy is prohibited for two years after therapy. [3]
A study of 71 female patients who received isotretinoin treatment from 2010 to 2020 at Children's National Hospital found that iPledge requirements unjustifiably increased the cost of treatment for patients with the potential to become pregnant, especially when windows were missed requiring additional follow up medical appointments and repeated ...
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span. It is a sub-discipline in medical genetics which focuses on the classification of congenital abnormalities in dysmorphology caused by teratogens and also in pharmacology and toxicology.
[33] [34] The use of acitretin, alitretinoin and isotretinoin should be prohibited in women of childbearing age unless they take measures to prevent pregnancy. [35] The use of topical retinoids should also be excluded during pregnancy and in women planning pregnancy.
The new study found that women who had higher levels of fluoride during pregnancy reported later that their kids were more likely to have temper tantrums, complain of vague headaches and ...
According to a study conducted by Whitcome, et al., lumbar lordosis can increase from an angle of 32 degrees at 0% fetal mass (i.e. non-pregnant women or very early in pregnancy) to 50 degrees at 100% fetal mass (very late in pregnancy). Postpartum, the angle of the lordosis declines and can reach the angle prior to pregnancy.
Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication as with most other vitamin A products, it should also be avoided when it comes to systemic use in any women that is of childbearing potential and not taking precautions to prevent pregnancy. [1] Toctino (the oral capsule formulation of alitretinoin) contains soya oil and sorbitol.