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Chloroethane, commonly known as ethyl chloride, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 Cl, once widely used in producing tetraethyllead, a gasoline additive. It is a colorless, flammable gas or refrigerated liquid with a faintly sweet odor.
Tetraethyllead was produced from ethyl chloride and a sodium–lead alloy: [11] [12] 4 NaPb + 4 CH 3 CH 2 Cl → Pb(CH 3 CH 2 ) 4 + 4 NaCl + 3 Pb Reductive dechlorination is rarely useful in chemical synthesis, but is a key step in the biodegradation of several organochlorine persistent pollutants .
Methyl, ethyl, and other alkyl or aralkyl halides that are not dehydrohalogenated readily can react with aluminium in an exothermic process to form organoaluminium sesquihalides in high yields. An important example is the reaction of ethyl chloride with aluminium to form ethylaluminium sesquichloride. 3 C 2 H 5 Cl + 2 Al → (C 2 H 5) 3 Al 2 Cl 3
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In the laboratory it is occasionally used as a source of chlorine, with elimination of ethene and chloride. Via several steps, 1,2-dichloroethane is a precursor to 1,1,1-trichloroethane . Historically, before leaded petrol was phased out, chloroethanes were used as an additive in petrol to prevent lead buildup in engines.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane is an excellent solvent for many organic compounds and also one of the least toxic of the chlorinated hydrocarbons.It is generally considered non-polar, but owing to the good polarizability of the chlorine atoms, it is a superior solvent for organic compounds that do not dissolve well in hydrocarbons such as hexane.
Dichloromethane (DCM, methylene chloride, or methylene bichloride) is an organochlorine compound with the formula C H 2 Cl 2. This colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform-like, sweet odor is widely used as a solvent. Although it is not miscible with water, it is slightly polar, and miscible with many organic solvents. [12]
In the process developed by Dow Chemical, glycerol undergoes two substitution reactions when treated with hydrogen chloride in the presence of a carboxylic acid catalyst. This is the same intermediate formed in the allyl chloride/hypochlorous acid process, and is likewise then treated with base to form epichlorohydrin.