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The Lavon affair was a failed Israeli covert operation, codenamed Operation Susannah, conducted in Egypt in the summer of 1954. As part of a false flag operation, [1] a group of Egyptian Jews were recruited by Israeli military intelligence to plant bombs inside Egyptian-, American-, and British-owned civilian targets: cinemas, libraries, and American educational centers.
Hidden Secrets: A Complete History of Espionage and the Technology Used to Support It (2002) Polmar, Norman, and Thomas Allen. Spy Book: The Encyclopedia of Espionage (2nd ed. 2004) 752pp 2000+ entries online free to read; Richelson, Jeffery T. A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century (1997) Trahair, Richard and Robert L. Miller.
Spying for Israel Victorine Marcelle Ninio (5 November 1929 – 23 October 2019) was an Egyptian secretary and an Israeli spy who became involved in what was known as the Lavon affair . She served time in an Egyptian jail before she was released and she went to live in Israel.
Jewish neighborhoods across Egypt were also under mass surveillance from the State Security. The State Security was at times successful in catching Egyptian and Israeli Jews whom were spies for Israel and the agency managed to interrogate them using methods of torture to gather important information that helped decrease cases of spying.
Cohen was born in Alexandria, Egypt, to a family of Mizrahi Jews.His father had immigrated from Aleppo in the Ottoman Empire in 1914. Deeply committed to Judaism, Cohen had planned in his youth to become a rabbi with guidance from Moise Ventura [] (1893–1978), Alexandria's Chief Rabbi, [4] but the city's yeshiva soon closed down, [5] prompting him to pursue higher education at Cairo University.
Mohamed Ashraf Abu El Wafa Marwan, [1] known as Ashraf Marwan (Arabic: أشرف مروان 2 February 1944 – 27 June 2007), was an Egyptian official who worked as a spy for the Israeli Mossad. From 1969 on, Marwan worked at the Presidential Office, first under Gamal Abdel Nasser and then as a close aide to his successor, Anwar Sadat .
The Ilan Grapel affair was an alleged Israeli espionage incident in Egypt involving dual U.S.-Israeli citizen Ilan Grapel. On 12 June 2011, Egyptian authorities arrested Grapel on charges of fomenting unrest in Egypt as a Mossad agent in the wake of the 2011 Egyptian revolution. Israel and Grapel's friends and family firmly rejected the charges ...
In history, surveillance is often referred to as spying or espionage. Most often, surveillance historically occurred as a means to gather and collect information, supervise the actions of other people (usually enemies), and to use this information to increase ones understanding of the party being spied upon.