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There have been significant differences between the maternal mortality of white women versus Black women throughout history. As of 2021, the estimated national maternal mortality rate in the United States is about 32.9 per 100,000 live births––but it is about 69.9 per 100,000 live births for Black women. [5]
Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births. [1]From Our World in Data (using World Health Organization definition): "The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time period.
[82] In the United States, the maternal death rate averaged 9.1 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births during the years 1979–1986, [83] but then rose rapidly to 14 per 100,000 in 2000 and 17.8 per 100,000 in 2009. [84] In 2013 the rate was 18.5 deaths per 100,000 live births. [85]
After the bans took effect, infant mortality rates were 6.26 per 1,000 live births, compared with an expected rate of 5.93 per 1,000, a relative increase of 5.60%.
This article includes a list of U.S. states sorted by birth and death rate, expressed per 1,000 inhabitants, for 2021, using the most recent data available from the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics.
The death rate disproportionately affects communities of color, suggesting potential bias. “In California, Black women make up 5% of pregnant patients, but account for 21% of total pregnancy ...
The 2022 fetal mortality rate among Black mothers remained higher than the national rate in 1990.
Native American infants are also less likely to be breastfed than white infants. [93] Since 2014 all Indian Health Service obstetric facilities are designated as Baby-Friendly in order to address this disparity. [94] Likely historical oppression and racist practices contribute to decreased breastfeeding rates in Black and Native American ...