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Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies (distal HMN, dHMN), sometimes also called distal hereditary motor neuropathies, are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of motor neuron diseases that result from genetic mutations in various genes and are characterized by degeneration and loss of motor neuron cells in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and subsequent muscle atrophy.
In these disorders, a patient experiences progressive muscle atrophy and sensory neuropathy of the extremities. [2] The term "hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy" was used mostly historically to denote the more common forms Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT). With the identification of a wide number of genetically and phenotypically ...
Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 2 (DSMA2), also known as Jerash type distal hereditary motor neuropathy (HMNJ), is a very rare childhood-onset genetic disorder characterised by progressive muscle wasting affecting lower and subsequently upper limbs.
Various patterns of muscle weakness occur in different motor neuron diseases. [6] Weakness can be symmetric or asymmetric, and it can occur in body parts that are distal, proximal, or both.
CMT2D is one of 31 CMT2 variants, and is only diagnosed if sensory deficits (such as loss of sensation due to the degradation of sensory axons) are observed along with motor deficits; otherwise, distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V is diagnosed. It is unknown why sensory involvement is so varied between GARS1 neuropathy patients. [28]
This condition was discovered in 1991 by Hahn et al., when they described two Chinese-Canadian siblings of the opposite sex. The male had difficulties releasing his grip, childhood-onset neuromyotonia and muscle stiffness, progressive motor neuropathy, finger cramping while and after writing, involuntary twitches of the finger, thigh and forearm muscles, foot drop-associated gait problems ...
Distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type 6 (DHMN6) 604320: IGHMBP2: 11q13.3: Autosomal recessive: Affects mainly infant boys, similar to SMA type 1 but with diaphragmatic paralysis Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 2 (DSMA2) Distal hereditary motor neuronopathy – Jerash type (DHMN-J) 605726: SIGMAR1: 19p13.3: Autosomal recessive: Slowly ...
Distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V is a particular type of neuropathic disorder. In general, distal hereditary motor neuropathies affect the axons of distal motor neurons and are characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles of the extremities. [ 1 ]