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Pinecone fishes are small and unusual marine fish of the family Monocentridae. The family contains just four species in two genera, one of which is monotypic. Their distribution is limited to tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. Pinecone fishes are popular subjects of public aquaria, but are both expensive and considered a ...
Monocentris japonica, the Japanese pineapplefish, is a pinecone fish of the family Monocentridae, found in the tropical Indo-West Pacific Oceans, at depths between 2 and 100 m and can be found on both rocky and coral reefs. The fish is nocturnal and shelters in caves and under ledges during the day.
A mature female big-cone pine (Pinus coulteri) cone, the heaviest pine cone A young female cone on a Norway spruce (Picea abies) Immature male cones of Swiss pine (Pinus cembra) A conifer cone, or in formal botanical usage a strobilus, pl.: strobili, is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants, especially in conifers and cycads.
The specific epithet tenacellus is a diminutive form of the Latin word tenax, meaning "tough". [8] Its British Mycological Society -recommended common name is the "pinecone cap". [ 9 ] English botanist James Edward Smith called it the "dark fir-cone Agaric" in his 1836 work The English Flora .
The Pinaceae (/ p ɪ ˈ n eɪ s iː ˌ iː,-s i ˌ aɪ /), or pine family, are conifer trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, piñons, larches, pines and spruces.
In his landmark publications, such as the Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus used a ranking scale limited to kingdom, class, order, genus, species, and one rank below species. Today, the nomenclature is regulated by the nomenclature codes. There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, and species.
These secondary growths typically number between four and seven; some may be aborted as the nutrients from the pine cone substrate are depleted, resulting in stems lacking caps. In one instance, a complete secondary proliferation was noted (i.e., growing from a primary proliferation) that developed completely so as to produce viable spores. [ 20 ]
A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World, Fourth Edition (PDF). Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture. Gagné, Raymond J.; Jaschhof, Mathias (2014). A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World (PDF) (Report). Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA.