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A stepper motor A bipolar hybrid stepper motor. Brushed DC motors rotate continuously when DC voltage is applied to their terminals. The stepper motor is known for its property of converting a train of input pulses (typically square waves) into a precisely defined increment in the shaft’s rotational position.
These include dc brush, dc brushless, stepper, or in some cases, even induction motors. It all depends on the application requirements and the loads the actuator is designed to move. For example, a linear actuator using an integral horsepower AC induction motor driving a lead screw can be used to operate a large valve in a refinery.
Figure 1. Plots of quadratic function y = ax 2 + bx + c, varying each coefficient separately while the other coefficients are fixed (at values a = 1, b = 0, c = 0). A quadratic equation whose coefficients are real numbers can have either zero, one, or two distinct real-valued solutions, also called roots.
The quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is one of the fundamental combinatorial optimization problems in the branch of optimization or operations research in mathematics, from the category of the facilities location problems first introduced by Koopmans and Beckmann. [1] The problem models the following real-life problem:
Lavet-type stepping motor of a quartz clock. A black rotor sprocket provides the mechanical output. The Lavet-type stepping motor has widespread use as a drive in electro-mechanical clocks [1] and is a special kind of single-phase stepping motor. Both analog and stepped-movement quartz clocks use the Lavet-type stepping motor (see Quartz clock).
An example of a Western Electric 7A Rotary (Bird-cage) Line Finder assembly. The horizontal shaft is driven by a gear and when the Line Finder's electromagnet is energized, a flexible disc at the base of the Line Finder's brush carriage is engaged through friction to the horizontal shaft's driving disc, causing the brush carriage to rotate.
H-bridge tutorial discussing various driving modes and using back-EMF; PWM DC Motor Controller Using MOSFETs and IR2110 H-Bridge Driver; H-Bridges on the BEAM Robotics Wiki; Derivation of formulas to estimate H-bridge controller current (Vex, JAGUAR, Victor). Discusses why some H-bridges used in robotics have non-linear current and speed responses.
A servomotor is a packaged of several components: a motor (usually electric, although fluid power motors may also be used), a gear train to reduce the many rotations of the motor to a higher torque rotation, a position encoder that identifies the position of the output shaft and an inbuilt control system. The input control signal to the servo ...