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A loadable kernel module (LKM) is an executable library that extends the capabilities of a running kernel, or so-called base kernel, of an operating system. LKMs are typically used to add support for new hardware (as device drivers ) and/or filesystems , or for adding system calls .
All device drivers, file systems, etc still run in kernel mode, just like in a monolithic kernel (see hybrid kernel). And how exactly are Windows's loadable kernel drivers different from LKM? The fact that Windows doesn't call them "kernel modules" doesn't mean it doesn't have a similar concept.
A NetWare Loadable Module [1] [2] [3] (NLM) is a loadable kernel module (a binary code module) that can be loaded into Novell's NetWare operating system. NLMs can implement hardware drivers, server functions (e.g. clustering), applications (e.g. GroupWise ), system libraries or utilities.
The term user space (or userland) refers to all code that runs outside the operating system's kernel. [2] User space usually refers to the various programs and libraries that the operating system uses to interact with the kernel: software that performs input/output, manipulates file system objects, application software, etc.
This allows drivers and devices outside of the mainline kernel to continue working after a Linux kernel upgrade. [3] Another benefit of DKMS is that it allows the installation of a new driver on an existing system, running an arbitrary kernel version, without any need for manual compilation or precompiled packages provided by the vendor.
This functionality was removed from Windows Vista (and therefore later versions) to improve security and rid the operating system of generally unused functionality. [14] Scrap (.shs) files have been used by viruses because they can contain a wide variety of files (including executable code), and the file extension is not shown even when "Hide ...
In Windows Vista and later versions of Windows, the relocation of DLLs and executables is done by the kernel memory manager, which shares the relocated binaries across multiple processes. Images are always relocated from their preferred base addresses, achieving address space layout randomization (ASLR).
This category contains articles documenting various Linux kernel features. Most features in the Linux kernel can be compiled as loadable kernel modules, or can be statically linked into the kernel binary. For features that are bundled separately from the Linux kernel, please see Category:Third-party Linux kernel modules.