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Childbirth positions (or maternal birthing positions) [1] are the physical postures that the pregnant mother may assume during the process of childbirth. They may also be referred to as delivery positions or labor positions .
In obstetrics, position is the orientation of the fetus in the womb, identified by the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother. Conventionally, it is the position assumed by the fetus before the process of birth, as the fetus assumes various positions and postures during the course of childbirth .
[29] Muhammad's wives play a prominent role in Islam and Muslim practices; "their reception of specific divine guidances, occasioned by their proximity to Muhammad, endows them with special dignity." [7] They form the basis for the status of women in Islam and are thus important for gender debates and study.
[2] [3] At the same time, their adherence to Islam is a shared factor that affects their lives to a varying degree and gives them a common identity that may serve to bridge the wide cultural, social, and economic differences between Muslim women. [2] [3] [4]
The average time from delivery of the baby until complete expulsion of the placenta is estimated to be 10–12 minutes dependent on whether active or expectant management is employed. [61] In as many as 3% of all vaginal deliveries, the duration of the third stage is longer than 30 minutes and raises concern for retained placenta. [62]
Although opinions among Islamic scholars differ over when a pregnancy can be terminated, there are no explicit prohibitions on a woman's ability to abort under Islamic law. [1] [2] Each of the four Sunni Islam schools of thought—Hanafi, Shafi'i, Hanbali, and Maliki—have their reservations on if and when abortions are permissible. [3]
In addition, in religious literature, wajib is widely used for all kinds of religious requirements, without expressing any fiqh definition. According to riwāya, prayer is held to be extremely important in Islam, and according to all four of the madhabs, those who have a disdain towards prayer are no longer seen as Muslims. [22] [23]
Iranian female education went from a 46 percent literacy rate, to 83 percent. Iran ranked 10th in terms of female literacy in the 1970s, and still holds this position. [54] The Hijab became compulsory as well as modesty requirements; loose-fitting clothing as well as a Rusari (headscarf) that covers all the hair.