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In the building and construction industry, until 25–30 years old, prescriptive codes, regulations and standards made innovation and change difficult and costly to implement, and created technical restrictions to trade. These concerns have been the major drivers towards the use of a Performance Based approach to codes, regulations and standards.
A building code (also building control or building regulations) is a set of rules that specify the standards for construction objects such as buildings and non-building structures. Buildings must conform to the code to obtain planning permission , usually from a local council.
In the United States construction industry, contract agreements are usually written to allow the owner to withhold (retain) the final payment to the general contractor as "retainage". [3] The contractor is bound by the contract to complete a list of contract items, called a punch list, in order to receive final payment from the owner.
Construction is a general term meaning the art and science of forming objects, systems, or organizations. [1] It comes from the Latin word constructio (from com-"together" and struere "to pile up") and Old French construction. [2] To 'construct' is a verb: the act of building, and the noun is construction: how something is built or the nature ...
A simple construction method using a lintel, header, or architrave as the horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends by two vertical columns, pillars, or posts. Tracery The stonework elements that support the glass in a Gothic window.
In construction, commissioning or commissioning process (often abbreviated Cx) [1] [2] [3] is an integrated, systematic process to ensure, that all building systems perform interactively according to the "Design Intent", through documented verification. The commissioning process establishes and documents the "Owner's Project Requirements (OPR ...
[3] Construction is a process that consists of the creation, modification, or demolition of facilities, buildings, civil and monumental works, and infrastructure. Construction cost - the total cost to construct a project. This value usually does not include the preplanning, site or right of way acquisition, or design costs, and may not include ...
Training and development involves improving the effectiveness of organizations and the individuals and teams within them. [1] Training may be viewed as being related to immediate changes in effectiveness via organized instruction, while development is related to the progress of longer-term organizational and employee goals.