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During adenylylation, there is a nucleophilic attack on the alpha phosphate of ATP from a catalytic lysine resulting in the production of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and a covalently bound lysine-AMP intermediate in the active site of DNA ligase 1. During the AMP transfer step, the DNA ligase becomes associated with the DNA, locates a nick ...
DNA ligase is a type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.It plays a role in repairing single-strand breaks in duplex DNA in living organisms, but some forms (such as DNA ligase IV) may specifically repair double-strand breaks (i.e. a break in both complementary strands of DNA).
S phase (Synthesis phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G 1 phase and G 2 phase. [1] Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved.
The mechanism of the ligation reaction was first elucidated in the laboratory of I. Robert Lehman. [4] [5] Two fragments of DNA may be joined by DNA ligase which catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group (-OH) at one end of a strand of DNA and the 5'-phosphate group (-PO4) of another.
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond.This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the molecules, typically resulting in the formation of new C-O, C-S, or C-N bonds.
Skp2 is of considerable interest as a novel and attractive target for cancer therapeutical development, as disrupting the SCF complex will result in increased levels of p27, which will inhibit aberrant cellular proliferation. Although Skp2 is an enzyme, its function requires the assembly of the other members of the SCF complex.
The alternative translation initiation and splicing mechanisms alter the amino- and carboxy-terminal sequences that flank the DNA ligase III catalytic region. [15] [16] In the alternative splicing mechanism, the exon encoding a C-terminal breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 C-terminal domain at the C-terminus of DNA ligase III-alpha is replaced by a short positively charged sequence that ...
Transformation efficiency refers to the ability of a cell to take up and incorporate exogenous DNA, such as plasmids, during a process called transformation.The efficiency of transformation is typically measured as the number of transformants (cells that have taken up the exogenous DNA) per microgram of DNA added to the cells.