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Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O), also known as washing soda, is the most common hydrate of sodium carbonate containing 10 molecules of water of crystallization. Soda ash is dissolved in water and crystallized to get washing soda. Na 2 CO 3 + 10 H 2 O → Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O. It is one of the few metal carbonates that is ...
Vanadyl acetylacetonate is the chemical compound with the formula VO(acac) 2, where acac – is the conjugate base of acetylacetone. It is a blue-green solid that dissolves in polar organic solvents. The coordination complex consists of the vanadyl group, VO 2+, bound to two acac – ligands via the two oxygen atoms on
The ammonia from reaction (III) is recycled back to the initial brine solution of reaction (I). The sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) precipitate from reaction (I) is then converted to the final product, sodium carbonate (washing soda: Na 2 CO 3), by calcination (160–230 °C), producing water and carbon dioxide as byproducts:
The mechanism of carbonyl oxidation by iodine(III) reagents varies as a function of substrate structure and reaction conditions, but some generalizations are possible. Under basic conditions, the active iodinating species are iodine(III) compounds in which any relatively acidic ligands on iodine (such as acetate) have been replaced by alkoxide. [1]
In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.
Arrow pushing or electron pushing is a technique used to describe the progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms. [1] It was first developed by Sir Robert Robinson.In using arrow pushing, "curved arrows" or "curly arrows" are drawn on the structural formulae of reactants in a chemical equation to show the reaction mechanism.
The net reaction between an aldehyde (or an alpha-hydroxy-ketone) and the copper(II) ions in Benedict's solution may be written as: RCHO + 2 Cu 2+ + 5 OH − → RCOO − + Cu 2 O + 3 H 2 O. The hydroxide ions in the equation forms when sodium carbonate dissolves in water. With the citrate included, the reaction becomes:
The typical reaction conditions used today were developed by G. A. Kraus. [2] [3] H.W. Pinnick later demonstrated that these conditions could be applied to oxidize α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. [4] There exist many different reactions to oxidize aldehydes, but only a few are amenable to a broad range of functional groups.