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A parasympathomimetic drug, sometimes called a cholinomimetic drug [1] or cholinergic receptor stimulating agent, [2] is a substance that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). [ 3 ] [ 2 ] These chemicals are also called cholinergic drugs because acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter used by the PSNS.
Between 1975 and 1999 only 13 of 1,300 new drugs were antiparasitics, which raised concerns that insufficient incentives existed to drive development of new treatments for diseases that disproportionately target low-income countries.
Topical drug delivery (TDD) is a route of drug administration that allows the topical formulation to be delivered across the skin upon application, hence producing a localized effect to treat skin disorders like eczema. [1] [2] The formulation of topical drugs can be classified into corticosteroids, antibiotics, antiseptics, and anti-fungal.
Diversion, abuse, and a relatively high rate of overdose deaths in comparison to other drugs of its group. This drug continues to be available in most of the world including the US, but under strict controls. Terfenadine (Seldane, Triludan) 1997–1998 France, South Africa, Oman, others, US Prolonged QT interval; ventricular tachycardia [2] [3]
Topical delivery is often used for drugs that are easily degraded in the GI tract, or are highly susceptible to hepatic first pass effect. [1] [2] Even if the drug has to be administered for long periods of time or can induce adverse drug reactions in parts of the body other than the target location, it can still be formulated as a topical gel ...
Antipyrine (phenazone), the earliest pyrazolone based drug Pyrazolones are amongst the oldest synthetic pharmaceuticals, starting with the introduction of antipyrine (phenazone) in 1880s. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The compounds generally act as analgesics and include dipyrone (Metamizole), aminophenazone , ampyrone , famprofazone , morazone , nifenazone ...
Agents in common clinical use include: [1] [2] Prostaglandin analogs; Parasympathomimetic (miotic) agents, including cholinergic and anticholinesterase agents; Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (oral and topical)
Thin-film drug delivery uses a dissolving film or oral drug strip to administer drugs via absorption in the mouth (buccally or sublingually) and/or via the small intestines (enterically). A film is prepared using hydrophilic polymers that rapidly dissolves on the tongue or buccal cavity, delivering the drug to the systemic circulation via ...