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Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), of which there are conventionally considered twelve pairs. Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck , including the special senses of vision , taste , smell , and hearing .
Sometimes: cranial accessory, spinal accessory. Mainly motor Cranial and Spinal Roots Located in the jugular foramen. Controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, and overlaps with functions of the vagus nerve (CN X). Symptoms of damage: inability to shrug, weak head movement. XII Hypoglossal: Mainly motor Medulla
Composition and central connections of the spinal nerves; Pathways from the brain to the spinal cord; The meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis; The cerebrospinal fluid; The cranial nerves. The olfactory nerves; The optic nerve; The oculomotor nerve; The trochlear nerve; The trigeminal nerve; The abducens nerve; The facial nerve; The ...
In neuroanatomy, the trigeminal nerve (lit. triplet nerve), also known as the fifth cranial nerve, cranial nerve V, or simply CN V, is a cranial nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing; it is the most complex of the cranial nerves. Its name (trigeminal, from Latin tri- ' three ' and -geminus ...
The cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve, and there is ongoing debate about whether the cranial part should be considered part of the accessory nerve proper. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Consequently, the term "accessory nerve" usually refers only to nerve supplying the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, also called the spinal accessory nerve .
Functions of these four cranial nerves (V-VIII) include regulation of respiration, control of involuntary actions, sensory roles in hearing, equilibrium, and taste, and in facial sensations such as touch and pain, as well as motor roles in eye movement, facial expressions, chewing, swallowing, and the secretion of saliva and tears.
The foramina in the base of the skull are exit and entry points for veins, arteries and cranial nerves. The cranial nerves as they exit through various foramina. Sphenoidal lingula; Subarcuate fossa; Dorsum sellae; Jugular process; Petro-occipital fissure; Condylar canal; Jugular tubercle; Tuberculum sellae; Carotid groove; Fossa hypophyseos ...
The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla, and into the upper cervical spinal cord. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): The mesencephalic nucleus; The principal sensory nucleus