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2. Martin scale - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_scale

   The Martin scale is an older version of color scale commonly used in physical anthropology to establish more or less precisely the eye color of an individual. It was created by the anthropologist Rudolf Martin in the first half of the 20th century.

3. Martin–Schultz scale - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin–Schultz_scale

   Martin-Schultz scale. The Martin–Schultz scale is a standard color scale commonly used in physical anthropology to establish more or less precisely the eye color of an individual; it was created by the anthropologists Rudolf Martin and Bruno K Schultz in the first half of the 20th century.

4. Overview of common vision problems and medications - AOL

   www.aol.com/overview-common-vision-problems...

   Refractive errors, some of the most common types of vision problems, cannot be treated with medication, for example. Instead, glasses, contact lenses, and surgery are used to correct them as ...

5. Color vision test - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_vision_test

   An Ishihara test image as seen by subjects with normal color vision and by those with a variety of color deficiencies. A pseudoisochromatic plate (from Greek pseudo, meaning "false", iso, meaning "same" and chromo, meaning "color"), often abbreviated as PIP, is a style of standard exemplified by the Ishihara test, generally used for screening of color vision defects.

6. Eye color - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_color

   The total number of genes that contribute to eye color is unknown, but there are a few likely candidates. A study in Rotterdam (2009) found that it was possible to predict eye color with more than 90% accuracy for brown and blue using just six SNPs. [16] [17] In humans, eye color is a highly sexually dimorphic trait. [18]

7. List of optometric abbreviations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optometric...

   Visual acuity with Near chart without correctors Visual acuity with eye chart at Near 15.7 inches (400 mm) and without (sc: Latin sine correctore) correctors (spectacles); Ncc is with (cc: Latin cum correctore) correctors. See Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: VA OS Left visual acuity VA OD Right visual acuity VDU Visual display unit VF Visual field

8. Color vision - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_vision

   Color vision is categorized foremost according to the dimensionality of the color gamut, which is defined by the number of primaries required to represent the color vision. This is generally equal to the number of photopsins expressed: a correlation that holds for vertebrates but not invertebrates .

9. Amsler grid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsler_grid

   Amsler grid, Chart 1. There are 7 types of Amsler grid charts. All charts measure 10 cm × 10 cm (3.9 in × 3.9 in), which when viewed at a distance of 33 cm (13 in) from the eye can be used to measure defects in the central 20 degrees of the visual field. [3]