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The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier that is intended to be unique. [a] [b] Publishers purchase or receive ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. [2] A different ISBN is assigned to each separate edition and variation of a publication, but not to a simple reprinting of an ...
The final character of a ten-digit International Standard Book Number is a check digit computed so that multiplying each digit by its position in the number (counting from the right) and taking the sum of these products modulo 11 is 0. The digit the farthest to the right (which is multiplied by 1) is the check digit, chosen to make the sum correct.
In 2007, the length of an ISBN changed from 10 to 13 digits, and a new 3-digit prefix (978 or 979) was added in front of 10-digit ISBNs. [2] The following registration groups are compatible with or without a 978- prefix:
Please use the ISBN-13 if both are provided by the original work. The ISBN-13 is often found near the barcode and will start with either 978- or 979-. However, if an older work only lists an ISBN-10, use that in citations instead of calculating an ISBN-13 for it.
The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the "modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, named after its creator, IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn, is a simple check digit formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers.
In ISBN and ISSN, this component is used to identify the language in which the publication was issued and managed by a transnational agency covering several countries, or to identify the country where the legal deposits are made by a publisher registered with a national agency, and it is further subdivided any allocating subblocks for ...
The Inverse Symbolic Calculator is an online number checker established July 18, 1995 by Peter Benjamin Borwein, Jonathan Michael Borwein and Simon Plouffe of the Canadian Centre for Experimental and Constructive Mathematics (Burnaby, Canada).
For instance ISBN 9781535956956. 5361 Nova Science Publishers Inc For instance ISBN 9781536121131. 5362 Candlewick For instance ISBN 9781536208870. 5365 Rukia Publishing For instance ISBN 9781536533682. 5366 Audible Studios on Brilliance audio For instance ISBN 9781536609813. 5368–5375 CreateSpace 5378 Blurb Jovian Press, Charles River Editors