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In New Mexico, wealthy Mexican American crop-farm families openly supported the slave-owners of the South, perhaps due to their own reliance on the forced labor of Native Americans. [90] Across the country, Mexican Americans felt resentment toward the U.S. because of the ethnic discrimination they experienced after the Mexican American War.
Juan Bruce-Novoa wrote in 1990: "A Chicano lives in the space between the hyphen in Mexican-American." [85] Being Chicano/a may represent the struggle of being institutionally acculturated to assimilate into the Anglo-dominated society of the United States, yet maintaining the cultural sense developed as a Latin-American cultured U.S.-born ...
The Chicano movement began to develop in the 1960s which primarily focused on the struggles and identity of Mexican-Americans. This allowed for the Chicano art to also begin in the 1960s as artists used different mediums to highlight the social and cultural aspects of being Mexican-American. [ 9 ]
Mexican Americans starting moving from the southwestern to large northeastern and midwestern cities after World War II. Large Mexican American communities developed in cities in the northeast and midwest such as St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh. Around 90 percent of Mexicans in the United States live in urban areas. [100]
Before this, Chicano/a had been a term of derision, adopted by some Pachucos as an expression of defiance to Anglo-American society. [14] With the rise of Chicanismo, Chicano/a became a reclaimed term in the 1960s and 1970s, used to express political autonomy, ethnic and cultural solidarity, and pride in being of Indigenous descent, diverging from the assimilationist Mexican-American identity.
Villasano, the daughter of Mexican immigrants, argued before the school board that she's “a 200 percenter — 100% American and 100% Mexican,” and stated in the MALDEF news release that “it ...
Meier, Matt S. Mexican American The biographies: A Historical Dictionary, 1836-1987 (1988) 237pp; 270 shortwer biographies; Ruiz, Vicki L. From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America (1998) Vargas, Zaragosa. Crucible of Struggle: A History of Mexican Americans from the Colonial Period to the Present Era (2010)
García, Richard A. Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class, San Antonio, 1919–1941 (Texas A&M UP, 1991) McKenzie, Phyllis. The Mexican Texans. (Texas A&M University Press, 2004). ISBN 1585443077, 9781585443079. Menchaca, Martha, The Mexican American Experience in Texas: Citizenship, Segregation, and the Struggle for Equality (U of Texas ...