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Stevia (/ ˈ s t iː v i ə, ˈ s t ɛ v i ə /) [1] [2] is a sweet sugar substitute that is about 50 to 300 times sweeter than sugar. [3] It is extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, a plant native to areas of Paraguay and Brazil. [4] [5] The active compounds in stevia are steviol glycosides (mainly stevioside and rebaudioside).
Sweet Leaf Tea was founded in 1998 in Beaumont, TX by Clayton Christopher, [3] using $10,000 and his grandmother's recipe for home-brewed iced tea made with cane sugar. [4] [5] Early production consisted of brewing tea in crawfish pots in Hen's kitchen, using pillow cases as "tea bags" and; then using garden hoses to transport the tea to plastic bottles.
Stevia is widely grown for its leaves, from which extracts can be manufactured as sweetener products known generically as stevia and sold under various trade names. [4] The chemical compounds that produce its sweetness are various steviol glycosides (mainly stevioside and rebaudioside ), which have 200–300 times the sweetness of sugar.
Dried and powdered Stevia leaves. In a few species of plants the leaves are sweet and can be used as sweeteners. Stevia spp. can be used whole, or dried and powdered to sweeten food or drink. Uniquely, stevia contains no carbohydrates or calories. [17] Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum), has sweet leaves, although not as sweet as Stevia. [18]
Zevia is a Los Angeles based company [1] that produces soft drinks, organic tea, energy drinks, and mixers sweetened with stevia. [2] All Zevia products are zero-calorie, sugar-free, gluten free, vegan, certified kosher, and certified by The Non-GMO Project. In June 2021, Zevia filed to go public with an IPO.
Steviol glycosides do not induce a glycemic response when ingested, because humans cannot metabolize stevia. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The acceptable daily intake (ADI) for steviol glycosides, expressed as steviol equivalents, has been established to be 4 mg/kg body weight/day, and is based on no observed effects of a 100 fold higher dose in a rat study.
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