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The classic Finkelstein reaction entails the conversion of an alkyl chloride or an alkyl bromide to an alkyl iodide by treatment with a solution of sodium iodide in acetone. Sodium iodide is soluble in acetone while sodium chloride and sodium bromide are not; [ 3 ] therefore, the reaction is driven toward products by mass action due to the ...
Hans Finkelstein is well known in synthetic organic chemistry for the Finkelstein reaction, developed by him during his doctoral studies and published as a paper in 1910. [1] The reaction describes the substitution of one type of halogen present in a halocarbon by another type of halogen.
The reactances of synchronous machines comprise a set of characteristic constants used in the theory of synchronous machines. [1] Technically, these constants are specified in units of the electrical reactance (), although they are typically expressed in the per-unit system and thus dimensionless.
In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical reaction occurs. [ 1 ] A chemical mechanism is a theoretical conjecture that tries to describe in detail what takes place at each stage of an overall chemical reaction.
A primary kinetic isotope effect (PKIE) may be found when a bond to the isotopically labeled atom is being formed or broken. [3] [4]: 427 Depending on the way a KIE is probed (parallel measurement of rates vs. intermolecular competition vs. intramolecular competition), the observation of a PKIE is indicative of breaking/forming a bond to the isotope at the rate-limiting step, or subsequent ...
where A and B are reactants C is a product a, b, and c are stoichiometric coefficients,. the reaction rate is often found to have the form: = [] [] Here is the reaction rate constant that depends on temperature, and [A] and [B] are the molar concentrations of substances A and B in moles per unit volume of solution, assuming the reaction is taking place throughout the volume of the ...
David Finkelstein was the first, in 1958, who identified Schwarzschild's solution of the Einstein field equations as corresponding to a region in space from which nothing escapes. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In 1959, Finkelstein and Charles W. Misner found the gravitational kink, a topological defect in the gravitational metric, whose quantum theory could ...
The two main mechanisms were the S N 1 reaction and the S N 2 reaction, where S stands for substitution, N stands for nucleophilic, and the number represents the kinetic order of the reaction. [4] In the S N 2 reaction, the addition of the nucleophile and the elimination of leaving group take place simultaneously (i.e. a concerted reaction).