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The Autism – Tics, ADHD, and other Comorbidities Inventory (A–TAC) is a psychological measure used to screen for other conditions occurring with tics. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Along with tic disorders , it screens for autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other conditions with onset in childhood. [ 1 ]
Motor tics are movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups. [4]Phonic tics are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. They may be alternately referred to as verbal tics or vocal tics, but most diagnosticians prefer the term phonic tics to reflect the notion that the vocal cords are not involved in all tics that produce sound.
Echolalia and echopraxia are distinguishing tics of Tourette syndrome (TS); [1] the echolalic repetitions of individuals with TS are mainly echoes from within their own "tic repertoire". [1] Evidence points to a healthy mirror neuron system (MNS), but "inadequate imitation-control mechanism, which make them vulnerable to interferences".
Stereotypic movement disorder is often misdiagnosed as tics or Tourette syndrome (TS). [6] [7] Unlike the tics of TS, which tend to appear around age six or seven, repetitive movements typically start before age three, [1] [8] are more bilateral than tics, and consist of intense patterns of movement for longer runs than tics. Tics are less ...
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11]
Echopraxia is a typical symptom of Tourette syndrome but causes are not well elucidated. [1]Frontal lobe animation. One theoretical cause subject to ongoing debate surrounds the role of the mirror neuron system (MNS), a group of neurons in the inferior frontal gyrus (F5 region) of the brain that may influence imitative behaviors, [1] but no widely accepted neural or computational models have ...
Typical autism, the best-known; Asperger syndrome (9% of autism diagnoses); Rett syndrome; and; Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD). The first three of these disorders are commonly called the autism spectrum disorders; the last two disorders are much rarer, and are sometimes placed in the autism spectrum and sometimes not. [2] [3]
Young autistic boy stimming with cold water in the kitchen sink Stimming behavior is almost always present in autistic people, but does not, on its own, necessarily indicate the diagnosis. [ 9 ] [ 23 ] The biggest difference between autistic and non-autistic stimming is the type of stim and the quantity of stimming. [ 23 ]