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[2] The immutability of these fundamental constants is an important cornerstone of the laws of physics as currently known; the postulate of the time-independence of physical laws is tied to that of the conservation of energy (Noether's theorem), so that the discovery of any variation would imply the discovery of a previously unknown law of ...
Count solar neutrinos/solar neutrino problem: 1970 Gargamelle: CERN: Discovery Neutral currents: 1976 Gravity Probe A: NASA: Measurement Gravitational time dilation: 1977 De Sitter double star experiment: Kenneth Brecher: Negative result de Sitter effect 1980 Aspect's experiment: Alain Aspect: Confirmation Violation of Bell's inequalities: 1981 ...
Variational principles are found among earlier ideas in surveying and optics.The rope stretchers of ancient Egypt stretched corded ropes between two points to measure the path which minimized the distance of separation, and Claudius Ptolemy, in his Geographia (Bk 1, Ch 2), emphasized that one must correct for "deviations from a straight course"; in ancient Greece Euclid states in his ...
The early identification of self-similar solutions of the second kind can be found in problems of imploding shock waves (Guderley–Landau–Stanyukovich problem), analyzed by G. Guderley (1942) and Lev Landau and K. P. Stanyukovich (1944), [3] and propagation of shock waves by a short impulse, analysed by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker [4] and ...
Matter–antimatter asymmetry Theoretical models suggest that the early universe should have produced equal amounts of matter and antimatter. However, observations indicate no significant primordial antimatter. Understanding the mechanisms that led to this asymmetry is a major unsolved problem in physics. [21]: 22.3.6
In this diagram, two particles come in with momenta p 1 and p 2, they interact in some fashion, and then two particles with different momentum (p 3 and p 4) leave.. In theoretical physics, the Mandelstam variables are numerical quantities that encode the energy, momentum, and angles of particles in a scattering process in a Lorentz-invariant fashion.
Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson delineate the path of carbon in photosynthesis using Chlorella and carbon dioxide labeled with carbon-14 (14 CO 2) (1945–1954). Erwin Chargaff disproves the "tetranucleoide theory" of DNA structure and determines that the composition of double-stranded DNA follows the rule, %A = %T and %G = %C ( Chargaff's rule ).
In physics, action is a scalar quantity that describes how the balance of kinetic versus potential energy of a physical system changes with trajectory. Action is significant because it is an input to the principle of stationary action, an approach to classical mechanics that is simpler for multiple objects. [1]