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Arctic warming negatively affects the foraging and breeding ecology of native Arctic mammals, such as Arctic foxes or Arctic reindeer. [91] In July 2019, 200 Svalbard reindeer were found starved to death apparently due to low precipitation related to climate change. [92] This was only one episode in the long-term decline of the species.
500 million years of climate change Ice core data for the past 400,000 years, with the present at right. Note length of glacial cycles averages ~100,000 years. Blue curve is temperature, green curve is CO 2, and red curve is windblown glacial dust (loess). Scale: Millions of years before present, earlier dates approximate.
According to IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, in the last 170 years, humans have caused the global temperature to increase to the highest level in the last 2,000 years. The current multi-century period is the warmest in the past 100,000 years. [3] The temperature in the years 2011-2020 was 1.09 °C higher than in 1859–1890.
The list of weather records includes the most extreme ... Highest temperature north of the Arctic Circle: 38.0 ... Most in one-year period: 31.5 ...
Parts of the United Kingdom also saw recording breaking heat, also part of a very warm year. The Central England Temperature for July was 18.5 °C (65.3 °F), which was the 8th warmest since records began in 1659, and the warmest since 1852. The year of 1921 was the warmest on record at the time but has since been eclipsed by 15 other years. [8]
Kaufman et al. 2009 "Recent warming reverses long-term arctic cooling". Tingley & Huybers 2010a "A Bayesian Algorithm for Reconstructing Climate Anomalies in Space and Time". Christiansen & Ljungqvist 2011 "Reconstruction of the Extratropical NH Mean Temperature over the Last Millennium with a Method that Preserves Low-Frequency Variability".
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While ice-free summers are expected to be rare at 1.5 °C degrees of warming, they are set to occur once every three to ten years at a warming level of 2 °C. [199] Higher atmospheric CO 2 concentrations cause more CO 2 to dissolve in the oceans, which is making them more acidic. [200]