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py2exe is a Python extension which converts Python scripts (.py) into Microsoft Windows executables (.exe). These executables can run on a system without Python installed. [3] It is the most common tool for doing so.
It is the standard format for executables on Windows NT-based systems, including files such as .exe, .dll, .sys (for system drivers), and .mui. At its core, the PE format is a structured data container that gives the Windows operating system loader everything it needs to properly manage the executable code it contains.
For example, .ocx is a common extension for an ActiveX control and .drv for a legacy (16-bit) device driver. A DLL that contains only resources can be called a resource DLL. Examples include an icon library, with common extension .icl, and a font library with common extensions .fon and .fot. [1]
File Explorer is the default user interface for accessing and managing the file systems, but it is possible to perform such tasks on Windows without File Explorer. For example, the File Run menu option in Task Manager on Windows NT or later functions independently of File Explorer, as do commands run within a command prompt window.
The load command type identifies what the parameters are in the load command. If a load command starts with 0x80000000 bit set that means the load command is necessary in order to be able to load or run the binary. This allows older Mach-O loaders to skip commands not understood by the loader that are not mandatory for loading the application.
Executable files thus normally contain significant additional machine code beyond that directly generated from the specific source code. In some cases, it is desirable to omit this, for example for embedded systems development, or simply to understand how compilation, linking, and loading work.
For example, WinRT objects may be allocated with ref new, which is the counterpart of gcnew from C++/CLI. The hat operator ^ retains its meaning, however in the case where both the caller and callee are written in C++ and living in the same process, a hat reference is simply a pointer to a vptr to a virtual method table (vtable, VMT).
The winget tool supports installers based on EXE, MSIX, and MSI. [15] The public Windows Package Manager Community repository hosts manifest files for supported applications in YAML format. [ 16 ] In September 2020, Microsoft added the ability to install applications from the Microsoft Store and a command auto-completion feature.