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Convergence rate. Precision. Robustness. General performance. Here some test functions are presented with the aim of giving an idea about the different situations that optimization algorithms have to face when coping with these kinds of problems. In the first part, some objective functions for single-objective optimization cases are presented.
Cauchy's convergence test. The Cauchy convergence test is a method used to test infinite series for convergence. It relies on bounding sums of terms in the series. This convergence criterion is named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy who published it in his textbook Cours d'Analyse 1821. [1]
exists there are three possibilities: if L > 1 the series converges (this includes the case L = ∞) if L < 1 the series diverges. and if L = 1 the test is inconclusive. An alternative formulation of this test is as follows. Let { an } be a series of real numbers. Then if b > 1 and K (a natural number) exist such that.
Calculus. In mathematics, the ratio test is a test (or "criterion") for the convergence of a series. where each term is a real or complex number and an is nonzero when n is large. The test was first published by Jean le Rond d'Alembert and is sometimes known as d'Alembert's ratio test or as the Cauchy ratio test.
An analogous statement for convergence of improper integrals is proven using integration by parts. If the integral of a function f is uniformly bounded over all intervals , and g is a non-negative monotonically decreasing function , then the integral of fg is a convergent improper integral.
Convergence proof techniques are canonical components of mathematical proofs that sequences or functions converge to a finite limit when the argument tends to infinity. There are many types of series and modes of convergence requiring different techniques. Below are some of the more common examples. This article is intended as an introduction ...
In mathematical analysis, the spaces of test functions and distributions are topological vector spaces (TVSs) that are used in the definition and application of distributions. Test functions are usually infinitely differentiable complex -valued (or sometimes real -valued) functions on a non-empty open subset that have compact support.
Weierstrass M-test. In mathematics, the Weierstrass M-test is a test for determining whether an infinite series of functions converges uniformly and absolutely. It applies to series whose terms are bounded functions with real or complex values, and is analogous to the comparison test for determining the convergence of series of real or complex ...