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An intensity-duration-frequency curve (IDF curve) is a mathematical function that relates the intensity of an event (e.g. rainfall) with its duration and frequency of occurrence. [1] Frequency is the inverse of the probability of occurrence. These curves are commonly used in hydrology for flood forecasting and civil engineering for urban ...
Snap, [6] or jounce, [2] is the fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time, or the rate of change of the jerk with respect to time. [4] Equivalently, it is the second derivative of acceleration or the third derivative of velocity, and is defined by any of the following equivalent expressions: = ȷ = = =.
Aggregate demand curve; Compensated demand curve; Duck curve; Engel curve; Hubbert curve; Indifference curve; J curve; Kuznets curve; Laffer curve; Lorenz curve; Phillips curve; Supply curve. Aggregate supply curve; Backward bending supply curve of labor
Integral curves are known by various other names, depending on the nature and interpretation of the differential equation or vector field. In physics, integral curves for an electric field or magnetic field are known as field lines, and integral curves for the velocity field of a fluid are known as streamlines.
Placing position on the y-axis and time on the x-axis, the slope of the curve is given by: = =. Here is the position of the object, and is the time. Therefore, the slope of the curve gives the change in position divided by the change in time, which is the definition of the average velocity for that interval of time on the graph.
Phase portrait showing saddle-node bifurcation. Bifurcation theory is the mathematical study of changes in the qualitative or topological structure of a given family of curves, such as the integral curves of a family of vector fields, and the solutions of a family of differential equations.
It has been argued that Benford's law is a special bounded case of Zipf's law, [36] with the connection between these two laws being explained by their both originating from scale invariant functional relations from statistical physics and critical phenomena. [38] The ratios of probabilities in Benford's law are not constant.
A parametric C r-curve or a C r-parametrization is a vector-valued function: that is r-times continuously differentiable (that is, the component functions of γ are continuously differentiable), where , {}, and I is a non-empty interval of real numbers.