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Studies on theropod dinosaurs do suggest multiple (at least 3) independent acquisitions of powered flight however, [1] [2] and a recent study proposes independent acquisitions amidst the different bat clades as well. [3] Powered flight uses muscles to generate aerodynamic force, which allows the animal to produce lift and thrust. The animal may ...
Here resilin, a highly elastic material, forms the ligaments connecting flight muscles to the wing apparatus. In more derived orders of insects, such as Diptera (flies) and Hymenoptera (wasp), the indirect muscles occupy the greatest volume of the pterothorax and function as the primary source of power for the wingstroke.
The biochemistry of insect flight has been a focus of considerable study. While many insects use carbohydrates and lipids as the energy source for flight, many beetles and flies use the amino acid proline as their energy source. [35] Some species also use a combination of sources and moths such as Manduca sexta use carbohydrates for pre-flight ...
Advanced Placement (AP) Biology (also known as AP Bio) is an Advanced Placement biology course and exam offered by the College Board in the United States. For the 2012–2013 school year, the College Board unveiled a new curriculum with a greater focus on "scientific practices".
This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomologists.. When present, elytra of the Staphylinidae are markedly abbreviate. This fly in the genus Scaptomyza has clearly visible rows of para-sagittal acrostichal bristles on its thorax the alitrunk of aculeate Hymenoptera comprises the three thoracic segments, plus the propodeum, which strictly ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Flight dynamics is the science of air and space vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions. ... the respective cockpit controls, connecting linkages, ...
Tabanid fly in flight. Flies are capable of great manoeuvrability during flight due to the presence of the halteres. These act as gyroscopic organs and are rapidly oscillated in time with the wings; they act as a balance and guidance system by providing rapid feedback to the wing-steering muscles, and flies deprived of their halteres are unable ...