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By the 1850s, the modern kitchen, equipped with a cooking range, was a fixture of middle-class homes. In 1850 Mary Evard invented the Reliance Cook Stove, which was divided in two with one half for dry baking and the other half for moist. [8] Patents issued to Mary Evard are U.S. patent 76,315 and U.S. patent 76,314 on April 7, 1868.
Baking is a food cooking method that uses prolonged dry heat by convection, rather than by thermal radiation, normally in an oven, but also in hot ashes, or on hot stones. [2] Bread is a commonly baked food. Baking bread in a commercial oven Bread being baked in a tabun oven
For example, a cool oven has temperature set to 200 °F (90 °C), and a slow oven has a temperature range from 300–325 °F (150–160 °C). A moderate oven has a range of 350–375 °F (180–190 °C), and a hot oven has temperature set to 400–450 °F (200–230 °C).
Unlike conventional ovens, which cook food by surrounding it with hot air, convection ovens circulate the air. Convection ovens are built with a fan placed in the back of the oven.
Cookware and bakeware is food preparation equipment, such as cooking pots, pans, baking sheets etc. used in kitchens. Cookware is used on a stove or range cooktop, while bakeware is used in an oven. Some utensils are considered both cookware and bakeware. There is a great variety of cookware and bakeware in shape, material, and inside surface.
The Rumford roaster is an early cast iron oven, invented by Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, [1] around 1800. [2] It was part of his development of the kitchen range, which gave more control of the cooking and saved fuel. [3] He published his research in 1805. [4] The Rumford roaster is a cylinder of cast-iron set into a brick wall.
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Smaller interchangable cooking inserts can be placed inside the oven to cook individual batches or dishes. Additionally, Dutch ovens' ability to simultaneously provide and retain conductive energy can be leveraged by directly stacking them over the open fire, permitting transfer of heat energy between and among each other.