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This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
The active hydrogen component has the forms: [3] Z−CH 2 −Z or Z−CHR−Z for instance diethyl malonate, Meldrum's acid, ethyl acetoacetate or malonic acid, or cyanoacetic acid. [1] Z−CHRR', for instance nitromethane. where Z is an electron withdrawing group. Z must be powerful enough to facilitate deprotonation to the enolate ion even ...
Propionaldehyde exhibits the reactions characteristic of alkyl aldehydes, e.g. hydrogenation, aldol condensations, oxidations, etc. It is the simplest aldehyde with a prochiral methylene such that α-functionalized derivatives (CH 3 CH(X)CHO) are chiral. If water is available, propionaldehyde exists in equilibrium with 1,1-propanediol, a ...
1,1-Diethoxyethane (acetaldehyde diethyl acetal) is a major flavoring component of distilled beverages, especially malt whisky [3] and sherry. [4] Although it is just one of many compounds containing an acetal functional group, this specific chemical is sometimes called simply acetal .
0.9152 g/cm 3: Boiling point: 54–57 °C (129–135 °F; 327–330 K) ... Its acetal can be prepared from acrolein. [2] Occurrence in interstellar medium
ch 3 ch 2 ch 2 oh + o 2 + nh 3 → ch 3 ch 2 c≡n + 3 h 2 o Propionitrile is a byproduct of the electrodimerisation of acrylonitrile to adiponitrile . In the laboratory propanenitrile can also be produced by the dehydration of propionamide , by catalytic reduction of acrylonitrile , or by distilling ethyl sulfate and potassium cyanide .
Several synthetic routes exist but the most common is a crossed-aldol condensation between piperonal (heliotropin) and propanal followed by selective hydrogenation of the intermediate alkene. This produces a racemic product.
The product, CH 3 CH(OCH 2 CH 3) 2, is formally named 1,1-diethoxyethane but is commonly referred to as "acetal". [39] This can cause confusion as "acetal" is more commonly used to describe compounds with the functional groups RCH(OR') 2 or RR'C(OR'') 2 rather than referring to this specific compound — in fact, 1,1-diethoxyethane is also ...