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The faces of diamond octahedrons are highly lustrous owing to their hardness; triangular shaped growth defects (trigons) or etch pits are often present on the faces. A diamond's fracture is irregular. Diamonds which are nearly round, due to the formation of multiple steps on octahedral faces, are commonly coated in a gum-like skin (nyf). The ...
Vitreous minerals have the lustre of glass. (The term is derived from the Latin for glass, vitrum.) This type of lustre is one of the most commonly seen, [9] and occurs in transparent or translucent minerals with relatively low refractive indices. [2] Common examples include calcite, quartz, topaz, beryl, tourmaline and fluorite, among others.
Main diamond producing countries. Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic.Diamond as a form of carbon is tasteless, odourless, strong, brittle solid, colourless in pure form, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water.
Diamond is the hardest known material to date, with a Vickers hardness in the range of 70–150 GPa. Diamond demonstrates both high thermal conductivity and electrically insulating properties, and much attention has been put into finding practical applications of this material. However, diamond has several limitations for mass industrial ...
Diamond is the best natural conductor of heat; it even feels cold to the touch. Its thermal conductivity (2,200 W/m•K) is five times greater than the most conductive metal ( Ag at 429); 300 times higher than the least conductive metal ( Pu at 6.74); and nearly 4,000 times that of water (0.58) and 100,000 times that of air (0.0224).
The Chinese, who did not find diamonds in their country, initially did not use diamond as a jewel but used it as a "jade cutting knife". [12] Diamonds reached ancient Rome from India. [9] Diamonds were also discovered in 700 in Borneo, and were used by the traders of southeast Asia. [9]
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A small piece of metal may naturally form into a single crystal, such as Type 2 telluric iron, but larger pieces generally do not unless extremely slow cooling occurs. For example, iron meteorites are often composed of single crystal, or many large crystals that may be several meters in size, due to very slow cooling in the vacuum of space.