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Cetuximab, sold under the brand name Erbitux, is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor medication used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer. [2] Cetuximab is a chimeric (mouse/human) monoclonal antibody given by intravenous infusion .
The bladder tumour antigen (BTA) test is used in the detection of bladder cancer. It works by detecting raised levels of complement factor Hârelated protein (CFHrp ...
It is administered by intravenous injection and is often prescribed in combination with radiotherapy or other chemotherapeutic regimens such as irinotecan. Since EGFR plays an essential role in maintaining skin integrity, one serious side effect of Cetuximab therapy is skin problems such as acne-like rash , skin drying and cracking due to the ...
The bladder is an organ that stores urine until it is released from the body. Several conditions can affect the bladder including urinary tract infections, bladder stones, bladder cancer, overactive bladder, cystitis, interstitial cystitis, abscess, fistula, and urinary incontinence. [4] [5] [1]
Intravesical drug delivery through a urinary catheter. Intravesical drug delivery is the delivery of medications directly into the bladder by urinary catheter.This method of drug delivery is used to directly target diseases of the bladder such as interstitial cystitis and bladder cancer, but currently faces obstacles such as low drug retention time due to washing out with urine and issues with ...
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncotherapy) is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease. [1] It is an application of the fundamental research of cancer immunology (immuno-oncology) and a growing subspecialty of oncology.
loss of bladder control (incontinence) or overactive bladder; (Although, the American Urogynecologic Society does not recommend that cystoscopy, urodynamics, or diagnostic renal and bladder ultrasound are part of initial diagnosis for uncomplicated overactive bladder.) [2] [3] unusual cells found in urine sample; need for a bladder catheter;
Bladder cancer prognosis varies based on how widespread the cancer is at the time of diagnosis. For those with tumors confined to the innermost layer of the bladder (stage 0 disease), 96% are still alive five years from diagnosis. Those whose tumors have spread to nearby lymph nodes (stage 3 disease) have worse prognoses; 36% survive at least ...