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Southwestern archaeology is a branch of archaeology concerned with the Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. This region was first occupied by hunter-gatherers , and thousands of years later by advanced civilizations, such as the Ancestral Puebloans , the Hohokam , and the Mogollon .
One of the most enduring classifications of archaeological periods and cultures was established in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book, Method and Theory in American Archaeology. They divided the archaeological record in the Americas into five phases, only three of which applied to North America. [ 1 ]
A map of the pre-historic cultures of the American Southwest ca 1200 CE. Several Hohokam settlements are shown. The agricultural practices of the Native Americans inhabiting the American Southwest, which includes the states of Arizona and New Mexico plus portions of surrounding states and neighboring Mexico, are influenced by the low levels of precipitation in the region.
Ancient Architecture of the Southwest. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-75159-1. Rose, Carolyn June. (August 2004). Quantitative Analyses of Plant Remains from the NAN Ranch Ruin, Grant County, New Mexico. Master of Arts Thesis, Office of Graduate Studies, Texas A&M University. Plog, Stephen. (1997). Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest.
The Archaic Southwest was the culture of the North American Southwest between 6500 BC and 200 AD (approximately). Paleo-Indian era
George J. Gumerman, ed.1991. Exploring the Hohokam, Prehistoric Desert Peoples of the American Southwest. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. Haury, Emil W. 1976. The Hohokam: Desert Farmers and Craftsmen – Excavations at Snaketown, 1964–65. University of Arizona Press.
The Clovis culture is an archaeological culture from the Paleoindian period of North America, spanning around 13,050 to 12,750 years Before Present (BP). [1] The type site is Blackwater Draw locality No. 1 near Clovis, New Mexico, where stone tools were found alongside the remains of Columbian mammoths in 1929. [2]
By this time, the Archaic population of the American Southwest appears to have grown, with groups exploiting a wider range of environmental zones and sometimes living in larger, perhaps more permanent, settlements. Some San Pedro sites contain oval pithouses excavated about 1.6 feet (0.49 m) below ground level. Such dwellings would require ...