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[1] [40] [41] Addison's can affect persons of any age, sex, or ethnicity, but it typically presents in adults between 30 and 50 years of age. [41] [42] Research has shown no significant predispositions based on ethnicity. [40] About 70% of Addison's disease diagnoses occur due to autoimmune reactions, which cause damage to the adrenal cortex. [5]
Autoimmune adrenalitis (Addison's disease) is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in the industrialised world, causing 80–90% of cases since 1950. [2] Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex is caused by an immune reaction against the enzyme 21-hydroxylase (a phenomenon first described in 1992). [20]
Tumors on the pituitary gland or cancer metastasis can also cause adrenal insufficiency. [10] Exogenous steroid use is the most frequent cause of adrenal insufficiency, and those who use steroids also run the risk of experiencing an adrenal crisis. Adrenal crisis can be triggered by abrupt, and frequently unintentional, steroid withdrawal.
Addison's disease, or primary adrenal insufficiency, is an uncommon chronic illness characterized by insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal glands. [17] Chronic primary adrenal insufficiency is typically characterized by an extended period of malaise, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, joint and back pain, and skin ...
The lack of cortisol will not initiate the negative feedback loop, which will cause the pituitary gland to continue producing ACTH and CRH, leading to symptoms that are related to Addison's disease. [11] In secondary adrenal insufficiency, the pituitary gland does not produce enough ACTH to stimulate the production of cortisol.
It’s an inflammatory disease with no cure that can cause the bones in the spine to fuse over time, according to the Mayo Clinic. Symptoms typically begin in early adulthood, with back pain ...
Facial puffiness can have many causes, including hormonal changes. Temporary puffiness can be treated with skin care treatments, but swelling from Cushing’s Syndrome requires medical intervention.
For instance, in rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease primarily affecting the joints, symptoms typically include joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. On the other hand, type 1 diabetes, which results from an autoimmune attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, primarily presents with symptoms related to high blood sugar ...