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The International Air Transport Association (IATA / aɪ ˈ ɑː t ə /) is an airline trade association founded in 1945. [5] IATA has been described as a cartel since, in addition to setting technical standards for airlines, IATA also organized tariff conferences that served as a forum for price fixing. [6] [7]
By the end of the 20th century, Doha International Airport (DIA) was over 70 years old and in need of major upgrades. However, lack of available land meant DIA expansion would be difficult, especially the inability to add a second runway. The planning started for a new state-of-the-art airport in 2003 while the construction began in 2005.
Construction engineering, also known as construction operations, [1] is a professional subdiscipline of civil engineering that deals with the designing, planning, construction, and operations management of infrastructure such as roadways, tunnels, bridges, airports, railroads, facilities, buildings, dams, utilities and other projects. [2]
The contract was valued at €1.3 billion and will be carried out by Hochtief with a 55% stake, along with Indian engineering company Shapoorji Pallonji Mideast and Saudi Arabian construction company Nahdat Al Emaar. Construction is expected to be completed by May 2019. [14] Terminal 4 is expected to be equipped with required facilities.
NESPAK (National Engineering Services Pakistan) and Airconsult (Frankfurt, Germany) were responsible for the architecture and planning of the terminal. Sogea Construction, a French company, was the contractor. Mukhtar Husain and Abdul Malik (NESPAK) were the chief engineers for the new terminal.
Tennessee Valley Authority civil engineers monitoring hydraulics of a scale model of Tellico Dam. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings ...
A Chinese firm, the China Construction Third Engineering Bureau, has been awarded the contract, worth US$382 million (RMB 2.6 billion CNY), to carry out the construction work. [11] During the expansion of the airport, nearby road network has also been improved, which has helped to ease traffic congestion on the roads leading to the terminal.
Engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contracts (a type of turnkey contract) are a form of contract used to undertake construction works by the private sector on large-scale and complex infrastructure projects. [1] They may follow a Front-End Engineering and Design (FEED) contract.