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Modules are a new way of grouping code. Contrary to Jar files, modules explicitly declare which modules they depend on, and what packages they export. [12] Explicit dependency declarations improve the integrity of the code, by making it easier to reason about large applications and the dependencies between software components.
java.awt: Basic hierarchy of packages for native GUI components java.text: Provides classes and interfaces for handling text, dates, numbers, and messages in a manner independent of natural languages. java.rmi: Provides the RMI package. java.time: The main API for dates, times, instants, and durations. java.beans
The term assembly (as in .NET languages like C#, F# or Visual Basic .NET) or package (as in Dart, Go or Java) is sometimes used instead of module.In other implementations, these are distinct concepts; in Python a package is a collection of modules, while in Java 9 the introduction of the new module concept (a collection of packages with enhanced access control) was implemented.
IMPORT module – Oberon; import altname "package/name" – Go: import package.module; or import altname = package.module; – D; import Module or import qualified Module as M – Haskell; import package.* – Java, MATLAB, Kotlin; import "modname"; – JavaScript; import altname from "modname"; –JavaScript; import package or import package ...
The Java package java.lang contains fundamental classes and interfaces closely tied to the language and runtime system. This includes the root classes that form the class hierarchy, types tied to the language definition, basic exceptions, math functions, threading, security functions, as well as some information on the underlying native system.
A procedural program is composed of one or more units or modules, either user coded or provided in a code library; each module is composed of one or more procedures, also called a function, routine, subroutine, or method, depending on the language. Examples of procedural languages include:
The Java Class Library (JCL) is a set of dynamically loadable libraries that Java Virtual Machine (JVM) languages can call at run time. Because the Java Platform is not dependent on a specific operating system , applications cannot rely on any of the platform-native libraries.
Packages are a part of a class name and they are used to group and/or distinguish named entities from other ones. Another purpose of packages is to govern code access together with access modifiers. For example, java.io.InputStream is a fully qualified class name for the class InputStream which is located in the package java.io.