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Esotropia: Acute onset esotropia may occur in accommodative spasm, which is the common cause of pseudomyopia. [2] Diplopia: Diplopia may occur due to esotropia or convergence spasm; The diagnosis is done by cycloplegic refraction using a strong cycloplegic like atropine or homatropine eye drops. Accommodative amplitude and facility may be ...
Concomitant esotropia – that is, an inward squint that does not vary with the direction of gaze – mostly sets in before 12 months of age (this constitutes 40% of all strabismus cases) or at the age of three or four. Most patients with "early-onset" concomitant esotropia are emmetropic, whereas most of the "later-onset" patients are ...
Onset is typically sudden with symptoms of horizontal diplopia. Limitations of eye movements are confined to abduction of the affected eye (or abduction of both eyes if bilateral) and the size of the resulting convergent squint or esotropia is always larger on distance fixation - where the lateral recti are more active - than on near fixation ...
diplopia or double vision - more seen in adults (maturity / plasticity of neural pathways) and suppression mechanisms of the brain in sorting out the images from the two eyes. cyclotropia, a cyclotorsional deviation of the eyes (rotation around the visual axis), particularly when the root cause is an oblique muscle paresis causing the hypertropia.
The management of strabismus may include the use of drugs or surgery to correct the strabismus.Agents used include paralytic agents such as botox used on extraocular muscles, [1] topical autonomic nervous system agents to alter the refractive index in the eyes, and agents that act in the central nervous system to correct amblyopia.
NAION is the most frequently diagnosed sudden optic nerve disease in adults over 50, predominantly affecting Caucasians, [27] with variable rates reported in Asian populations, [28] [29] and affecting males more than females. [30] Presentation can vary, but patients typically report painless visual loss upon waking up in the morning or after a ...
Oculomotor nerve palsy or oculomotor neuropathy [1] is an eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof. As the name suggests, the oculomotor nerve supplies the majority of the muscles controlling eye movements (four of the six extraocular muscles, excluding only the lateral rectus and superior oblique).
Excessive tearing is the most common complaint of patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction, followed by acute or chronic infections. [3] Pain at the side of the nose suggests dacryocystitis . Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is more common with increasing age and more common in females than males.