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The ileum (/ ˈ ɪ l i əm /) is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish , the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum. [ 2 ]
The ileum: The final section of the small intestine. It is about 3 m long, and contains villi similar to the jejunum. It absorbs mainly vitamin B12 and bile acids, as well as any other remaining nutrients. The ileum joins to the cecum of the large intestine at the ileocecal junction. [citation needed]
Bypass of the terminal ileum, which is the specific site of vitamin B 12 absorption, leads to Vitamin B 12 deficiency with a specific peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin A deficiency can induce night blindness. Calcium oxalate renal stones occur commonly following JIB, along with increased colonic absorption of oxalate. The colonic absorption of ...
(c) posterior ileocolic, mostly placed in the angle between the ileum and the colon, but partly lying behind the cecum at its junction with the ascending colon; (d) a single gland, between the layers of the mesenteriole of the appendix; (e) right colic, along the medial side of the ascending colon.
The cranial portion of the loop will develop into the jejunum and most of the ileum, while the caudal part of the loop eventually forms the terminal portion of the ileum, the ascending colon and the initial two-thirds of the transverse colon. As the foetus grows larger, the mid-gut loop is drawn back through the umbilicus and undergoes a ...
The histology of the ileocecal valve shows an abrupt change from a villous mucosa pattern of the ileum to a more colonic mucosa. A thickening of the muscularis mucosa, [citation needed] which is the smooth muscle tissue found beneath the mucosal layer of the digestive tract.
The cecum receives chyme from the last part of the small intestine, the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. At this junction there is a sphincter or valve, the ileocecal valve which slows the passage of chyme from the ileum, allowing further digestion. It is also the site of the appendix attachment. [33]
The end of the ileum is then brought out through an opening (a stoma) in the abdominal wall. The residual small bowel is reanastamosed with the residual terminal ileum, usually seated inferior relative to the anastomosis. [2] [3] The urine is collected through a bag that attaches on the outside of the body over the stoma.