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Additionally, the fair use defense to copyright infringement was codified for the first time in section 107 of the 1976 Act. Fair use was not a novel proposition in 1976, however, as federal courts had been using a common law form of the doctrine since the 1840s (an English version of fair use appeared much earlier).
While fair use in the United States is popularly understood as the only limitation to an author's exclusive rights, it is only one of several important limitations. Section 106 of the U.S. copyright law, which defines the exclusive rights in copyrighted works, is subject to sections 107 through 122, which limit the copyright holder's exclusive ...
Nation Enterprises, [26] the U.S. Supreme Court held that a news article's quotation of fewer than 400 words from President Ford's 200,000-word memoir was sufficient to make the third fair use factor weigh against the defendants, because the portion taken was the "heart of the work". This use was ultimately found not to be fair.
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While it is not part of section 117, it is also lawful to reverse engineer software for compatibility purposes. Sec. 103(f) of the DMCA (17 U.S.C. § 1201 (f)) says that a person who is in legal possession of a program, is permitted to reverse-engineer and circumvent its protection against copying if this is necessary in order to achieve "interoperability" - a term broadly covering other ...
According to the plain meaning rule, absent a contrary definition within the statute, words must be given their plain, ordinary and literal meaning. If the words are clear, they must be applied, even though the intention of the legislator may have been different or the result is harsh or undesirable.
After those activities came under public scrutiny in 2008, Congress passed FISA’s Section 702 in order to codify the Bush administration’s activities and provide congressional and judicial ...
107-11: May 28, 2001 (No short title) An act to expedite the construction of the World War II memorial in the District of Columbia: Pub. L. 107–11 (text) 107-12: May 30, 2001 Public Safety Officer Medal of Valor Act of 2001: To authorize the Public Safety Officer Medal of Valor, and for other purposes Pub. L. 107–12 (text) 107-13: June 3, 2001