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The cell wall is essential to the survival of many bacteria, and the antibiotic penicillin (produced by a fungus called Penicillium) is able to kill bacteria by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan.
Unlike eukaryotes, bacterial membranes (with some exceptions e.g. Mycoplasma and methanotrophs) generally do not contain sterols. However, many microbes do contain structurally related compounds called hopanoids which likely fulfill the same function. Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria can have a wide variety of fatty acids within their
The bacterial stress response enables ... can inhibit the function of ... there is an enhancement when it comes to the survival of bacteria which helps the ...
Examples of bacteria having terminal endospores include Clostridium tetani, the pathogen that causes the disease tetanus. Bacteria having a centrally placed endospore include Bacillus cereus. Sometimes the endospore can be so large the cell can be distended around the endospore. This is typical of Clostridium tetani.
Quorum sensing in pathogenic bacteria activates host immune signaling and prolongs host survival, by limiting the bacterial intake of nutrients, such as tryptophan, which further is converted to serotonin. [5] As such, quorum sensing allows a commensal interaction between host and pathogenic bacteria. [5]
However, many bacterial species can transfer DNA between individual cells by a horizontal gene transfer process referred to as natural transformation. [56] Some species form extraordinarily resilient spores, but for bacteria this is a mechanism for survival, not reproduction. Under optimal conditions bacteria can grow extremely rapidly and ...
When obligate aerobes are in a temporarily oxygen-deprived environment, they need survival strategies to avoid death. [8] Under these conditions, Mycobacterium smegmatis can quickly switch between fermentative hydrogen production and hydrogen oxidation with either oxygen or fumarate reduction depending on the availability of electron acceptor. [8]
Bacteria under selective pressure will keep plasmids containing virulence factors as it is a cost - benefit for survival, removal of the selective pressure can lead to the loss of a plasmid due to the expenditure of energy needed to keep it is no longer justified. [5] [33] Plasmids can belong to more than one of these functional groups.