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The Viceroyalty of Peru (Spanish: Virreinato del Perú), officially known as the Kingdom of Peru (Spanish: Reino del Perú), was a Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of the Spanish Empire in South America, governed from the capital of Lima.
Pope Pius IX ordered the commander of the Papal forces to limit the defence of the city in order to avoid bloodshed. [51] The city was captured on 20 September 1870. Rome and what was left of the Papal States were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy as a result of a plebiscite the following October. This marked the definitive end of the Papal States.
The history of Peru spans 15 millennia, [1] extending back through several stages of cultural development along the country's desert coastline and in the Andes mountains. Peru's coast was home to the Norte Chico civilization , the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the six cradles of civilization in the world.
The palace, then the residence of the papal governor, burned to the ground in 1534. [14] Pope Pius IV (1559-1565) granted the site and the remains to Cardinal Fulvio della Corgna. [14] The Piazza della Paglia was renamed Piazza del Papa in 1816, when a statute of Pope Julius III (1550–1555) was moved there. [15]
This application of the Translatio Imperii, for the Kingdoms of Peru, was invoked as the legitimacy tool, by the Spanish Empire, for its domain in the Viceroyalty of Peru, while, from these treaties, the incorporation of the Tahuantinsuyo in the Spanish Monarchy, with the official recognition of the Inca royal House , which consider the ...
Pope Pius IX (1846–1878), under whose rule the Papal States passed into secular control.. Vatican during the Savoyard era describes the relation of the Vatican to Italy, after 1870, which marked the end of the Papal States, and 1929, when the papacy regained autonomy in the Lateran Treaty, a period dominated by the Roman Question.
The Real Audiencia and Chancery of Lima (Spanish: Audiencia y Cancillería Real de Lima) was a superior court in the New World empire of Spain, located in the city of Lima, capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru. It was created on November 20, 1542 as was the viceroyalty itself, by the Emperor Charles V.
Flores gathered 6,000 men in Europe to undertake an expedition with the aim of conquering Ecuador, establishing a monarchy there presided over by a European prince with a throne in Quito, and subsequently expanding the new kingdom, absorbing the republics of Peru and Bolivia to form the "United Kingdom of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia". [2] [3]