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Nur ad-Din Zangi 1118–1174: A Syrian ruler and military leader who fought in the Crusades. Ṣalaḥ ad-Dīn Yusuf bin Ayyub 1137-1193: He unified Egypt, Syria, and Palestine under his rule, led the Muslims to victory at the Battle of Hattin and was able to reclaim several cities from the Crusaders, especially Jerusalem.
Robert of St. Albans (died 1187) [1] was an English templar knight who converted to Islam from Christianity in 1185. [2] In 1187, he led an army for Saladin [3] against the Crusaders during the Battle of Hattin as well as the reconquest of Jerusalem, [4] which was at the time under the control of the Franks.
He became the first Seljuq leader since the 1090s to unite north and south Syria. Nur al-Din embraced jihad ideals when battling against the Franks and was a crucial figure in the recovery of Jerusalem. [6] Vizier Shawar had full authority over the Fatimids and was the advisor to the caliph. Shawar required the support of Nur al-Din’s ...
The first of these is Crusades, [191] [137] by French historian Louis R. Bréhier, appearing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, based on his L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge: Les Croisades. [192] The second is The Crusades, [193] by English historian Ernest Barker, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition). Collectively, Bréhier and Barker ...
This indicates that some Eastern Christian clergy remained in or near Jerusalem during the siege. In November 1100, when Fulcher of Chartres personally accompanied Baldwin on a visit to Jerusalem, they were greeted by both Greek and Syrian clerics and laity (Book II, 3), indicating an Eastern Christian presence in the city a year later.
The Muslim armies under Saladin captured or killed the vast majority of the Crusader forces, removing their capability to wage war. [17] As a direct result of the battle, Muslims once again became the eminent military power in the Holy Land , re-capturing Jerusalem and most of the other Crusader-held cities and castles. [ 17 ]
Soon after, a temporary truce was established, and peace terms were offered by the Sultan. The terms were highly favourable to the Crusaders; the Muslim leaders had agreed to surrender the city and kingdom of Jerusalem, the Holy Cross, and all Christian captives in Egypt and Damascus, only withholding the fortresses of Kerak and Montreal. They ...
The most important sources written during or shortly after the events are: The al-Nawādir al-Sultaniyya wa'l-Maḥāsin al-Yūsufiyya ("Anecdotes of the Sultan and Virtues of Yusuf", in 2001 translated by D. S. Richards as The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin), an Arabic biography of Saladin written by the Kurdish chronicler Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad who served in Saladin's camp and was an ...